Welding is a manufacturing process in which various materials (usually metals or thermoplastics) can be joined by liquefying the joined areas. The welding method is typically accomplished using a combination of heat and pressure to melt the materials joined together with a filler material (such as a welding rod) to form a pool of molten base material (also known as a weld pit), which is then allowed to cool to form a strong joint.
Soldering is a potentially dangerous process used primarily as an industrial application, but is becoming increasingly common among home DIY enthusiasts. Welding can be achieved in many forms and uses a variety of energy sources, including gas flame, arc, laser, friction, ultrasonic, and electric beam. Each of these individual methods requires its own specific welding equipment. However, basic welding applications require the use of common equipment items such as power sources, electrodes, welding rods and arcs, shielding gases, and protective masks or helmets.
It is important to use protective equipment when welding. Since the most common welding methods involve an open arc or flame, this can be a very dangerous practice if proper safety precautions are not followed. The risk of burns is high, and to avoid them, welders wear protective clothing, including heavy-duty leather gloves and thick log-sleeve coveralls, to prevent exposure to excessive heat and flame. In addition to burns, the brightness of the welded area can lead to serious eye damage - there is a condition known as arc eye where the cornea is burned. To prevent this, welders use goggles, masks and welding caps that have specially designed dark or self-darkening lenses and panels to mitigate the effects of highly destructive UV rays.
In addition, welders are often exposed to highly hazardous gases and fine particles. Some welding processes produce fumes that can lead to various types of breathing conditions. In addition, these gases and fumes can be toxic when exposed for extended periods of time, so it is important to ensure that proper ventilation is in place to avoid such conditions. It is also important to consider that there is a real risk of fire and explosion from the use of compressed gas cylinders in the welding process, especially in close proximity to bare arcs and flames. These must be located in safe locations to mitigate the risk of fire.
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