Components of HSE Management
Health, safety and environmental management should be part of a national engineering profession for the purposes of care, obligation and economic reasons and legal reasons of the purpose.
Therefore, HSE management should consider five main phases.
* Specification
* Design and implementation
* Installation and commissioning * Operation and maintenance
* Commissioning
Post-commissioning changes.
* Compliance requires four basic elements.
* Identification of the safety functions required for safe shutdown * Assignment of a Safety Integrity Level (SIL) to each safety function * Use of the safety lifecycle in engineering design and
* Verification of each safety function
Verify the SIL for each safety function implemented.
3.0 Engineering Code of Practice Engineering Code of Practice
The code considers the following factors: * Public safety.
Prioritize the safety and well-being of the community and consider this principle when assessing obligations to customers, employers, and co-workers.
Risk Management: Take reasonable steps to minimize the risk of loss of life, injury or suffering.
*Workplace and Construction Sites: Minimize the potential hazards involved in the construction and manufacture of engineered products and processes.
* Public/community well-being
* Communication
* Interests
Conflict * Confidentiality
The privilege of practicing engineering is entrusted to those who are qualified and responsible for applying engineering skills, scientific knowledge and ingenuity to promote human well-being and quality of life. The basic principles of engineering include integrity and ethical practice in serving society with honesty, integrity and trustworthiness, demonstrating fairness, courtesy and goodwill toward customers, colleagues and others. The engineer takes into account social, cultural, economic, environmental and safety aspects and strives to effectively use the world's resources to meet long-term human needs.
4.0 Safety Engineering Design Safety is a concern in almost all engineering design
process concerns. Engineers should understand safety in the context of engineering design and that the design is safe for personal injury.
Current design methods give priority to economic considerations over environmental considerations. In some cases, economic considerations also contribute to environmental goals. For example, minimizing the materials used in a structure means that resources are saved. If they are saved at the expense of the product's useful life, then economic considerations conflict with environmental interests, which require products to be as durable as possible because of the need to minimize resource use and waste generation over time.
Safety is the antonym of risk. Therefore, design is safe to the extent that it reduces risk. Safe design aims to minimize risk in the standard sense of the term.
Safe design is the combination of all procedures and principles used by engineers to make the designed object safe from accidents that result in death or injury to people, long-term health effects, environmental damage, or general failure.
Several design strategies used to achieve safety in the operation of potentially hazardous technologies are
* Intrinsically safe design
*Safety factors
*Negative feedback (self-closing) and
*Multiple independent safety barriers.
Probabilistic Risk Assessment (PRA) is the most common method for assessing safety, but safety design is used to reduce risk in a standard (probabilistic) sense, but not sufficiently. Safety design strategies are used to reduce the estimated probability of injury or reduce uncertainty, not just risk. They are used to address hazards and possibilities for which meaningful probabilities cannot be assigned.
5.0 Design Principles in Engineering Engineering
There are four (4) key design principles in practice.
(a) Intrinsically Safe Design.
This minimizes the hazards inherent in the process. Potential hazards are excluded rather than enclosed or responded to. For example, hazardous substances are replaced by less hazardous substances and fire resistant materials are used rather than flammable materials.
(b) Safety factor
The building should be strong enough to resist loads and disturbances beyond those expected. A common method of obtaining this safety reserve is to use an explicitly chosen numerical safety factor. If a factor of safety of two (2) is used in the construction of a bridge, the resistance of the bridge is calculated to be twice the maximum load it will actually carry.
(c) Negative feedback mechanism
This feature was introduced to enable self-shutdown in the event of equipment failure or operator loss of control. Examples include safety valves that release steam when the pressure in a steam boiler becomes too high, and deadman holes that stop trains when the operator falls asleep. One of the most important safety measures in the nuclear industry is to ensure automatic shutdown of the reactor in case of a critical situation.
(d) Multiple independent safety barriers The safety barriers are arranged in chains, so that each barrier is independent of its predecessor (if the first barrier fails, the second
remains intact). The first barrier prevents accidents from occurring; the second barrier limits the consequences of accidents and rescue services to a last resort.
Safety factors and multiple safety barriers deal with uncertainty and risk. Currently, however, probabilistic risk analysis (PRA) is used, but does not deal with uncertainty. Probabilistic calculations can support, but do not replace, the engineer's ethical responsibility judgment (environmental, health and safety culture).
Safety engineering principles also include education of operators, maintenance of equipment and installations, and accident reporting are examples of safety practices of general importance.
6.0 Engineering Practices
Health, Safety and Environmental Management in Engineering The engineering profession is expected to be a pioneer in health, safety and environmental management because of the complexity of the industry's output and its impact on the lives of the general population. How do we implement this in our professional practice?
Seven (7) poor engineering practices have been identified.
*Believing that if something is not specified in a standard, whether it is a "should do" or a "should not do", engineers do not need to worry about it.
* Believing that meeting minimum requirements means the process is safe and meets the standard.
* Ignore the importance of good engineering practices.
* Designing systems that meet economic requirements but do not meet safety and security requirements.
* Ignore human factors (calculation errors, etc.)
* Focus on capital costs rather than life cycle costs.
* Focusing on Safety Integrity Levels (SILs) rather than prevention.
Safety is an essential ethical requirement in engineering practice. Safety design strategies are used not only to reduce the estimated probability of injury, but also to address hazards and possibilities for which meaningful probabilities cannot be assigned. Designers have an ethical responsibility to make buildings safe for future use. Safety involves avoiding certain events that are morally correct.
In engineering design, safety considerations always include safety from accidental death or injury to persons resulting from the accidental use of the designed object.
* Prevention of damage to the environment
damage to the environment * prevention of long-term health effects
For example, if a bridge collapses, the engineer who designed it is liable.
Building designers and builders must comply with construction safety by using scaffolding, tool nets, tool boxes, mechanical lifts and hand lifts under safety procedures, using personal protective equipment (PPE) (boots/helmets) on the job site, clearing access roads and paths, using construction tape to cordon off work areas, etc. Most engineers ignore this aspect and therefore play with the lives of the population.
The work of engineers has a lasting impact on safety and defines the level of our environmental, health and safety culture.
7.0 Engineering Practice
Ethical Obligations in Engineering In order for engineers to carry out their profession, ethical obligations are necessary. Without the obligation of confidentiality, clients cannot trust engineers with commercially sensitive information. Without this information, engineers would not be able to do their jobs. The ethical obligations of our profession can be understood as necessary obligations.
Ethical obligations require five (5) fundamental values.
* Protection of life and safeguarding of people.
* Professionalism, integrity and competence * Commitment to community/public welfare * Sustainable management and care for the environment
* Continuing engineering knowledge
8.0 Engineering Practice Requirements
* Engineers shall place public health, safety, and environmental/welfare at the forefront of their professional practice.
* Engineers shall practice only in a prudent and diligent manner in their area or field of competence and in compliance with standards, laws, codes, rules and regulations applicable to the practice of engineering.
* Engineers shall examine the social and environmental impacts of their actions and projects, including the use and conservation of resources and energy, in order to make informed recommendations and decisions.
* Engineers shall clearly declare their interests.
* The Engineer shall sign and be responsible for all engineering work that he or she prepares or directly supervises. The Engineer shall sign work prepared by others only with their consent and after adequate review and verification.
* The Engineer shall act as a faithful agent for his employer or client, maintain confidentiality, avoid conflicts of interest whenever possible, and disclose unavoidable conflicts.
* The engineer's professional concerns must be understood by the client and the consequences of engineering decisions or judgments.
* Engineers shall reject any public works, engineering decision or practice that endangers the public HSE.
* Engineers shall be committed to lifelong learning and shall strive to improve the body of engineering knowledge and shall encourage other engineers to do the same.
* Engineers should promote responsibility, commitment and ethics in the educational and practical phases of engineering. They should raise society's awareness of engineers' responsibilities to the public and encourage the exchange of these principles of ethical behavior among engineers.
9.0 HSE Sustainability Management
It is about the long-term survival of humanity. It recognizes that decisions made today must enable people today and those in the foreseeable future to make effective choices about their quality of life.
Failure to identify safety risks and the inability to address or control those risks can result in significant human and economic costs. The multidisciplinary nature of safety engineering means that a very wide range of professionals are actively involved in accident prevention or safety engineering.
Catastrophic failures endanger or seldom people. Catastrophic failures can endanger, injure or kill large numbers of people. An engineer's error or inability to integrate HSE management into his practice means catastrophic
10.0 Way Forward
The Way Forward Everyone must enhance their understanding of HSE awareness by prioritizing safety. In addition, cost effective solutions should be developed to get the greatest return on investment.
Engineers design the system early, analyze it to identify potential failures, then preempt safety requirements in the design specification and make changes to existing systems to make them safer.
If major safety issues are discovered late in the design process, correcting them can be very expensive. This type of error has the potential to waste a lot of money.
* Take all reasonable care at all times to ensure that your work and the consequences of your work do not pose an unacceptable risk to security.
* Take all reasonable steps to make your management/customers and those to whom they owe a duty of care aware of the risks you have identified.
* Make anyone who overrides or ignores your professional advice formally aware of the ensuing risks.
* It is critical for engineers to maintain a deep and broad understanding of the many technical and professional practice issues they will inevitably encounter in their role as employees of a public owner. This is accomplished through appropriate education, training, experience, licensure, professional engineering practice, and ongoing professional development.
11.0 Conclusion
The practice of engineering like construction is a driver of social and economic development, a barometer of economic activity and a very large employer of the Nigerian workforce. It accounts for over 60% of total capital investment. It is the largest employer of labor (think of all the electrical, mechanical, civil, chemical and computer jobs in industry).
Health, safety and the environment, as it relates to life and property, must be taken seriously in this occupation. Safety procedures are necessary to prevent accidents, illnesses and harmful effects on the general public health caused by activities in and around industrial sites or off-site.
Good HSE management in a country is visible through the professional staff, the quality of the engineer's ethics and the level of her health values and the state of the environment, i.e. her level of cleanliness (personal hygiene and public health).
It can only be developed through personal commitment, willingness and self-sacrifice, as there are long and short term benefits in it. HSE management habits start with safety awareness. Safety awareness permeates each of us and should be brought into our professional practice.
People should recognize that their health and well-being are linked to the quality of their environment, and should apply thoughtful principles to try to improve the quality of their environment.
As engineers, we should lead others to always be safety conscious and avoid doing anything that could lead to an accident. We should take safety measures in all of our daily activities and make our safety and the safety of others around us our responsibility, especially in our practices.
Finally, as engineers, we should pursue sustainable health, safety and environmental management as part of our engineering practices today so that our profession continues to be relevant tomorrow. Only by doing so will our professional ethics be meaningful because the products of our professional practice have a significant impact on the lives of all citizens of this country.
Therefore, health, safety and environmental management habits are not only necessary, but remain an essential part of our professional ethics in engineering practice in Nigeria and elsewhere, and must always be maintained by all.
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